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Теории, концепции, парадигмы / Theories, Conceptions, Paradigms / Theorien, Konzeptionen, Paradigmen

Гранин Р.С.

Хилиазм С.Н. Булгакова: между апокалиптикой и эсхатологией

Гранин Роман Сергеевич, кандидат философских наук, независимый исследователь, Москва

E-mail: grrom@mail.ru

Личная эсхатология С.Н. Булгакова представлена софиологией смерти, разрабатываемая в контексте древне-гностического учения о Софии. В общей эсхатологии мыслитель утверждает буквальность пророчества о тысячелетнем царстве (хилиазм), а также развивает учение об апокатастасисе, гласящего о спасении всей твари и изживании сатанизма самим сатаной.

Ключевые слова: русский апокалипсис, историософия, историодицея, исторический горизонт, софиология смерти, экзегеза, парусия, кенозис, апокатастасис, абсолют, логос, богочеловечество.

Литература

Булгаков С.Н. Апокалипсис Иоанна (Опыт догматического истолкования). Париж: YMCA-PRESS, 1948.

Булгаков С.Н. Апокалиптика и социализм (Религиозно-философские параллели) // Соч. в 2 т. Т. 2. М.: Наука, 1993.

Булгаков С.Н. Невеста Агнца. М.: Общедоступный Православный Ун-т, 2006.

Булгаков С.Н. Православие и апокалиптика // Православие: Очерки учения православной церкви. М.: Терра: 1991.а.

Булгаков С.Н. Православная эсхатология // Православие: Очерки учения православной церкви. М.: Терра: 1991.б.

Булгаков С.Н. Свет невечерний. Созерцания и умозрения. // Первообраз и образ. Соч. в 2 т. СПб.: Искусство; Инапресс, 1999.

Булгаков С.Н. Софиология смерти // Тихие думы. М.: Республика, 1996.а.

Булгаков С.Н. Центральная проблема софиологии // Тихие думы. М.: Республика, 1996.б.

Вальер П. Интерпретация Откровения Иоанна в русском богословии XIX—XX веков // Эсхатологическое учение Церкви: Богословская конференция Русской Православной Церкви. М.: Синодальная богословская комиссия, 2007. С. 414—429.

Гиренок Ф.И. София. Так говорит Гиренок [Электронный ресурс] // Завтра. 2013. 23 янв. № 4 (1001). Режим доступа: http://zavtra.ru/content/view/sofiya-2013-01-23-000000.

Греческо-русский словарь Нового Завета / пер. с англ. Ньюмана Б.М. М., 1997.

Кенозис [Электронный ресурс] // Википедия. Режим доступа: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/кенозис.

Тихомиров Л.А. Религиозно-философские основы истории / 5-е изд. значит. дополн. М.: ФондИВ, 2007.

Флоровский Г.В. О воскресении мертвых // Вера и культура. Избранные труды по богословию и философии. СПб.: РХГИ, 2002. С. 543—567.

Dunn D.J. "The Lamb of God — By Sergius Bulgakov." International Journal of Systematic Theology 11.2 (2009): 227—230.

Gallaher B. "Antinomism, Trinity and the Challenge of Solov’evan Pantheism in the Theology of Sergij Bulgakov." Studies in East European Thought 64.3-4 (2012): 205—225.

Gavrilyuk P.L. "The Kenotic Theology of Sergius Bulgakov." Scottish Journal of Theology 58.03 (2005): 251—269.

Gavrilyuk P.L. "Universal Salvation in the Eschatology of Sergius Bulgakov." Journal of Theological Studies 57.1 (2006): 110—132.

Gerogiorgakis S. "Modern and Traditional Tendencies in the Religious Thought of the Russian and Greek Diaspora from the 1920s to the 1960s." Religion, State and Society 40.3—4 (2012): 336—348.

Kiejzik L. "Sergei Bulgakov’s Sophiology of Death." Studies in East European Thought 62.1 (2010): 55—62.

McCall B. "Kenosis and Emergence: A Theological Synthesis." Zygon 45.1 (2010): 149—164.

Milbank J. "Sophiology and Theurgy: The New Theological Horizon." Radical Orthodoxy and Eastern Orthodoxy. Ed. A. Pabst. Basingstoke: Ashgate, 2009, pp. 45—85.

"Χιλιασμός." Βικιπαίδεια, την ελεύθερη εγκυκλοπαίδεια. Ίδρυμα Wikimedia (Wikimedia Foundation Inc.), n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Χιλιασμός>.

Granin R.S.

Sergius Bulgakov’s Chiliasm: Between Apocalyptics and Eschatology

Roman S. Granin, Ph.D., independent researcher, Moscow

E-mail: grrom@mail.ru

Early twenty-century Russian religious philosophers’ theological legacy is a part of world philosophical and theological heritage, and it has a significant influence on modern Russian religious and philosophical community. On the other hand, the eschatological attitude intensified considerably at the beginning of the 21st century, while the apocalyptic view of history has always been characteristic of Russian self-consciousness.

The subject of my research is the eschatological perspective in Sergius Bulgakov’s religious and philosophical doctrine. For research eschatological issues as a complex phenomenon, I used methods of historical and philosophical studies (logical-historical and comparative methods well as the method of philosophical reconstruction) through a systemic approach. In order to clarify the specifics of religious and philosophical ideas and eschatological ones I have used the method of comparative religious studies and philosophical analysis, phenomenological and hermeneutical methods and methodological principles of cultural philosophy and philosophy of history.

In my article, I show Sergius Bulgakov’s eschatology trench upon heresy. Thus, Bulgakov presented individual eschatology as ‘sophiology of death’, which developed in the context of the Gnostic doctrine of Sophia (‘Eternal Feminity’) as ‘the Fourth Hypostasis’. In historical eschatology, Bulgakov practise faith in chiliasm; he also develops doctrine of apocatastasis, speaking about rescue of all creatures and eradication of Satanism by Satan. I prove that Bulgakov adhered to concept of ‘Eschatology entered in its implementation’, which he calls ‘Russian apocalypse’. Principal matter in this concept is question about place of Church in the history (whether can bring Church something new in history or its history is internally finished). On Bulgakov’s example I prove that designing of eschatology, which the super-historical in its essence, based on historical preconditions (Church in the history), leads to a paradox of relationship between immanent matter (history) and transcendent one (eschatology). The resolution of this paradox occurs at differentiation of concepts ‘eschatology’ and ‘apocalyptics’. 

I conclude that purpose to the critical or negative attitude on historical process can be expressed in asceticism, isolationism, escape from the world and history, — as only one form of salvation. Full-fledged historiosophy is impossible, as well as belief in intelligence of historical process, in its teleology, in ‘historiodicy’. The neglect of history worthiness (immanent sense) removes apocalyptics out of its limits and turning it into super-historical eschatology. On the contrary, historiosophical and historiodicical perception to the history (as intelligent theological process) does possible originally apocalyptic attitude.

Keywords: Sergius Bulgakov, Russian apocalypse, historiosophy, historiodicy, historical horizon, sophiology of death, exegesis, Parousia, kenosis, apocatastasis, Absolute, Logos, Godmanhood.

References:

Bulgakov S.N. "Apocalyptics and Socialism (Religious and Philosophical Parallels)." Writings. Moscow: Nauka Publisher, 1993, volume 2. (In Russian).

Bulgakov S.N. "Orthodox and Apocalyptics." Orthodox: Essays on the Doctrine of Orthodox Church. Moscow: Terra Publisher, 1991, pp. 370—379. (In Russian).

Bulgakov S.N. "Orthodox Eschatology." Orthodox: Essays on the Doctrine of Orthodox Church. Moscow: Terra Publisher, 1991, pp. 380-390 (In Russian).

Bulgakov S.N. "Sophiology of Death." Silent Thoughts. Moscow: Respublika Publisher, 1996, pp. 273—306. (In Russian).

Bulgakov S.N. "The Central Problem of Sophiology." Silent Thoughts. Moscow: Respublika Publisher, 1996, pp. 269—272. (In Russian).

Bulgakov S.N. Bride of the Lamb. Moscow: Public Orthodox University Publisher, 2006 (In Russian).

Bulgakov S.N. The Apocalypse of John. Paris: YMCA-PRESS, 1948. (In Russian).

Bulgakov S.N. Unfading Light: Contemplations and Speculations. Moscow: Respublika Publisher, 1994. (In Russian).

Dunn D.J. "The Lamb of God — By Sergius Bulgakov." International Journal of Systematic Theology 11.2 (2009): 227—230.

Florovsky G.V. "About Revival of the Dead." Truth and Culture: Selected Writings on Theology and Philosophy. St. Petersburg: Russian Christian Humanitarian Institute Publisher, 2002, pp. 543—567. (In Russian).

Gallaher B. "Antinomism, Trinity and the Challenge of Solov’evan Pantheism in the Theology of Sergij Bulgakov." Studies in East European Thought 64.3—4 (2012): 205—225.

Gavrilyuk P.L. "The Kenotic Theology of Sergius Bulgakov." Scottish Journal of Theology 58.03 (2005): 251—269.

Gavrilyuk P.L. "Universal Salvation in the Eschatology of Sergius Bulgakov." Journal of Theological Studies 57.1 (2006): 110—132.

Gerogiorgakis S. "Modern and Traditional Tendencies in the Religious Thought of the Russian and Greek Diaspora from the 1920s to the 1960s." Religion, State and Society 40.3—4 (2012): 336—348.

Girenok F.I. "Sophia. Thus Speaks Girenok." Zavtra [Tomorrow] [Moscow] 23 Jan. 2013. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://zavtra.ru/content/view/sofiya-2013-01-23-000000>. (In Russian).

"Kenosis." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/кенозис>. (In Russian).

Kiejzik L. "Sergei Bulgakov’s Sophiology of Death." Studies in East European Thought 62.1 (2010): 55—62.

McCall B. "Kenosis and Emergence: A Theological Synthesis." Zygon 45.1 (2010): 149—164.

Milbank J. "Sophiology and Theurgy: The New Theological Horizon." Radical Orthodoxy and Eastern Orthodoxy. Ed. A. Pabst. Basingstoke: Ashgate, 2009, pp. 45—85.

Newman B.M., trans. Greek-Russian Dictionary of the New Testament. Moscow: Russian Bible Society Publisher, 1997. (In Russian).

Tikhomirov L.A. Religious and Philosophical Fundamentals of History. Moscow: FondIV Publisher, 2007. (In Russian).

Valliere P.R. "Interpretation of Revelation of John in the Russian Theology of the 19th—20th cc." The Eschatological Doctrine of Church: Theological Conference of Russian Orthodox Church. Moscow: Synod Theological Commission Publisher, 2007, pp. 414—429. (In Russian).

"Chiliasm." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Χιλιασμός>. (In Greek).

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