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Россия и Европа: сравнительный этнофункциональный анализ развития ментальности русского и европейского общества в эпоху Возрождения

Сухарев А.В.

Россия и Европа: сравнительный этнофункциональный анализ развития ментальности русского и европейского общества в эпоху Возрождения

Сухарев Александр Владимирович, доктор психологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Института психологии РАН

E-mail: zavor753@mail.ru

В настоящей статье в обобщенном виде представлен сравнительный анализ параметров ментальности эпохи Возрождения (в Италии и Северной Европе) и Древней Руси с позиций этнофункциональной методологии в науке. Получены результаты о роли интеграции в ментальность языческих мифологических представлений в возникновении феномена итальянского Возрождения и, в частности, научного мышления. Важным результатом является также выявление инвариантной специфики этнофункциональных конфликтов в ментальности Древней Руси, Московского государства и современной России и роли языческих представлений в формировании русской этнической идентичности.

Ключевые слова: этнофункциональная парадигма, эпоха Возрождения, Древняя Русь, современная Россия, развитие, европейская и русская ментальность, античная мифология, русское язычество, научное мышление.

Sukharev A.V. Russia and Europe: A Comparative Ethnofunctional Analysis of the Development of Mentality of Russian and European Society during the Renáissance

Alexander V. Sukharev, Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Leading Researcher at the RAS Institute of Psychology

E-mail: zavor753@mail.ru

This article presents the comparative analysis of parameters of European mentality in the Age of the Renáissance in Europe and in The Old Russia at the same period. In our researches we based on the ethnofunctional methodology in science. We analyze the invariant structure of mentality in Russia and Europe, including the images of containing landscapes, archaic pagan images, Christian belief and at last scientific concepts. We obtaine the results concerning the consequences of antique and Northern European pagan concepts being integrated into European mentality, which created the phenomenon of Renaissance including scientific thinking. We also revealed that constant essence of ethnofunctional conflicts (split lines) in the structure of Russian mentality beginning with Ancient Russia, the essence which is connected with absence of harmony of pagan, Christian, and scientific contents of the mentality. We consider that the main conflict line in Russian history is connected with almost full oppression of pagan ideology by Russian Church supported by Mongol khans in XIII—XIV centuries. We reveale that the main difference between Russian and West European mentalities since X century was determined by the fact that in the West ethno-integrating Pagan components have been represented much better than in Russia, which is fixed in literary sources. On the base of the principle of ethnofunctional unity of macro- and microcosm (one of the main principles of the ethnofunctional paradigm) in our work the results of historiography analysis are compared with the results of clinic and experimental psychological research concerning correlation between Pagan, Christian and scientific stages in social mentality development and in personal mentality development of representatives of ruling classes. On the basis of ethnofunctional model we also gave a brief analysis of mentality of Russian historic figures of XVII century, namely the Tzar Akexey Mikhailovich and the Patriarch Nikon. We suppose that these persons were not quite capable for harmonic correlation between affective and cognition spheres of personal development and emotional limitations of cognitive processes, which was supposedly connected with minimum level of ethno-integrating pagan elements in their mentality and might have determined the change which took place at that time, i.e. influence of West Europe upon Russia instead of their interrelations in the past (which was noted by a Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevskiy). We prove, that this characteristic of mentality of ruling and educated social strata in Russia is alive even now, the fact which determines much more non-evolution and mobilization character of modernizations and scientific and technical progress in Russia in comparison with West Europe.

Keywords: ethnofunctional methodology in science, the Age of the Renáissance, Old Russia, modern Russia, development, European mentality, Russian mentality, paganism, antic mythology, Russian heathenism, scientific thinking.

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