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Познавательные традиции как инвариант развития науки, философии, философии науки: эссенциальный и аксиологический аспекты

Познавательные традиции как инвариант развития науки, философии, философии науки: эссенциальный и аксиологический аспекты

Батурин Владимир Кириллович, доктор философских наук, заведующий кафедрой философии и социологии Заочного финансово-экономического института Финансового университета при Правительстве РФ, действительный член РАЕН

E-mail: BaturinVK@yandex.ru

В статье предпринято рассмотрение исследовательской проблемы традиции в философии науки — начиная с анализа особенностей мифологического мышления и заканчивая философией науки и ее критикой в ХХ в. (Б. Рассел, Л. Витгенштейн, З. Фрейд, К.Г. Юнг). Представлена авторская позиция в отношении специфики аксиологического аспекта философии науки в античную эпоху, эпоху Просвещения и Новое время.

Ключевые слова: философия науки, традиция познания, парадигма, позитивизм, метафизика, аксиология, отношение к природе, отношение науки и ценности, ценность научного знания, разум.

Baturin V.K. Cognitive Tradition as an Invariant of Development of Science, Philosophy, And Philosophy of Science: Essential and Axiological Aspects

Vladimir K. Baturin, Doctor of Philosophy, Head of the Chair of Philosophy and Sociology at Extramural Financial and Economic Institute of Finance University of the Government of the Russian Federation, Member of Russian Academy of Natural Science

E-mail: BaturinVK@yandex.ru

We have attempted to consider the research problem, which is a tradition in the philosophy of science — from the analysis of the features of mythological thinking and finishing with the philosophy of science and its criticism of the 20th century. (Bertrand Russell, L. Wittgenstein, Z. Freud, K.G. Jung). Thus, the main invariant of mythological mentality is, in our view, the cognitive tradition, which tells about a kind of a single plan, according to which everything is take place in the universe. Myths of many peoples of the world dedicated to the description of such plans of the origin and the functioning of the universe. Despite the variety of mythological ideas they invariably seek to cover the whole world and to describe it in accordance with a single, often hierarchical scheme.

From ancient Greek thinkers originates tradition of union of mathematization of science in general. The bases of this tradition are ideas about the unity of the world and its content and structural homogeneity and, consequently, principal possibility to transfer patterns from one field of knowledge to another. Mathematization of knowledge joined with the tradition of searching a single plan, which led to the emergence of concepts of the mathematical plan, according to which the world was created and exists.

Ancient cognitive traditions and principal invariants of relationship to the world are:

1) Biblical tradition (in the Bible also presents One Plan of creation), which asserts that man is the crown of creation, and that the rest of the world is given to him for possession and use. Since the New Age era the idea that man is the owner of reality makes its truly triumphal march — in fact this idea was the main concept of European science;

2) Search for arche, the origin of all things, that in epistemological terms means search for core of scientific knowledge;

3) Search for final knowledge, truth;

4) Tradition of criticism.

As an example of a relatively new cognitive traditions we may note the division of rationality to the classic, non-classic, postnonclassical (V. Stepin), a division of the theory of knowledge on classical and non-classical (V. Lektorskii), and, in addition, the transformation of the concept of "chaos" that previously was understood as an obstacle to the rational comprehension of reality, and more recently, on the contrary, received considerable scientific and heuristic value (dynamic chaos).

We also consider the transformation of the relationship between science concepts and values, as well as the value of scientific knowledge from Antiquity to modern times.

Keywords: the philosophy of science, the tradition of knowledge, paradigm, positivism, metaphysics, axiology, relationship to nature, the relation of science and values, the value of scientific knowledge, the mind.

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