МОЛОДЁЖНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО ДЕЛАЕТ ПЕРВЫЕ ШАГИ В НАУКЕ
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2016. Том 12. Выпуск 2.
Корнилов С.В.
Обоснование патриотизма в русской философии: уроки Первой мировой войны и эмиграции
Корнилов Сергей Владимирович, доктор философских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры философии Балтийского федерального университета им. И. Канта (Калининград)
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-1002
E-mail: sergey-v-kornilov@j-spacetime.com; korns2009@rambler.ru
В статье представлен анализ темы патриотизма, выдвинувшейся на первый план в русской философской мысли в период I мировой войны и получившей свое дальнейшее развитие в эмиграции, и тесно связанных с данным вопросом проблем войны и мира, жизни и смерти, Родины и национального самосознания.
Ключевые слова: Первая мировая война; русская философия; русская мысль в эмиграции; патриотизм; Родина; война и мир; национальное самосознание, отечественная культура.
Цитирование по ГОСТ Р 7.0.11—2011:
Корнилов, С. В. Обоснование патриотизма в русской философии: уроки Первой мировой войны и эмиграции [Электронный ресурс] / С.В. Корнилов // Электронное научное издание Альманах Пространство и Время. — 2016. — Т. 12. — Вып. 2. — Стационарный сетевой адрес: 2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast12-2.2016.61.
Kornilov S.V.
Substantiation of Patriotism in Russian Philosophy: Lessons of the World War I and Expatriation
Sergey V. Kornilov, D.Phil., Professor, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad)
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-1002
E-mail: sergey-v-kornilov@j-spacetime.com; korns2009@rambler.ru
The major events of the second decade of the 20th century (WWI, two the revolutions of 1917 and Russian Civil War) played a huge role in the development of Russian national identity. Such greatest Russian thinkers, as Nikolay Berdyaev, Sergey Bulgakov, Ivan Ilyin, Vladimir Rozanov, and Vladimir Ern contributed to the understanding of the lessons of the Great War and the ensuing social and civilizational cataclysms. Under the influence of the military and revolutionary events philosophical problem qualitatively changed: closely interrelated issues of war and peace, life and death, and Motherland came to the fore, and all of these problems were focused in the concept of patriotism. At the present stage of Russian history, when rethinking of traditional values of Russian culture and return to them occur, the experience of the philosophical understanding of patriotism, which is a heritage of Russian thinkers in exile, who have lost their motherland physically, but have not lost their spiritual connection with it, is extremely important matter.
My article is a brief overview of the basic concepts of patriotism, established in Russian philosophy in the process of its thorough understanding of the tragedy of the WWI and emigration. For this purpose I used analytical and metaphysical approaches and methods of textual and discourse analysis.
I have shown that Russian philosophers who survived the First World War and came to be in exile, considered patriotism as the highest stage of spiritual experience and spiritual development, as a deep moral and religious feeling that is based on the early Christian understanding of holiness. The most comprehensive disclosure of meaningful features of Russian patriotism we find in the works of Nikolay Berdyaev. The quests of Russian thought, he wrote, clearly show the existence of the Russian idea, which most completely expresses the character and mission of the Russian people. National type, popular personality does not readily lend to rational analysis and rigorous scientific definitions. One can agree with Berdyaev that the secret of all individuality is comprehended only by love, and it is something that is not understandable till the end, inexpressible in the system of the understanding of definitions. At the same time for the Russian philosophers of the early 20th century, patriotism was not supposed idealization of national life. On the contrary, in the Russian philosophy of that time familiarizing with Christian values was seen as the only way to overcome the negative aspects of the Russian national character.
My conclusion is in agreement with the main conclusions of the authors of philosophical concepts of patriotism, examined by me: defeat in the Great War and the subsequent civilization disasters were caused by the loss of spirituality both by individual people and nation as a whole. In turn, the feeling of patriotism is not merely a spiritual sense; true patriotism should include an essential element of religious faith as the most important component of the national culture.
Keywords: World War I; Russian philosophy; Russian thought in exile; patriotism; Motherland; war and peace; national self-consciousness.
Cite MLA 7:
Kornilov, S. V. "Substantiation of Patriotism in Russian Philosophy: Lessons of the World War I and Expatriation." Electronic Scientific Edition Almanac Space and Time 12.2(2016). Web. <2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast12-2.2016.61>. (In Russian).
Список литературы / References
Литература
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Корнилов С.В. Философия самосознания и творчества: Портреты русских мыслителей. СПб.: СПбГУ, 1998.
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Спекторский Е.В. Эпохи русской культуры // Записки русской академической группы в США. 1970. Т. 4.С. 163—182.
Эрн В.Ф. От Канта к Круппу // Сочинения. М.: Правда, 1991. С. 308—319.
References:
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Berdyaev N.A. "Russian Idea." About Russia and Russian Philosophical Culture: The Post-October Russian Philosophers Abroad. Moscow: Nauka Publisher, 1990, pp. 43—271. (In Russian).
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