МОЛОДЁЖНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО ДЕЛАЕТ ПЕРВЫЕ ШАГИ В НАУКЕ
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2016. Том 12. Выпуск 2.
Сайко Э.В.
Пространство-время социальной эволюции: системные связи форм познания и субъекта исторического действия
Сайко Эди Викторовна, доктор исторических наук, профессор психологии, член-корреспондент Российской академии образования, заместитель председателя редакционного совета журнала «Мир психологии»
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-3498
E-mail: edi-v-sayko@j-spacetime.com; saiko2003@mtu-net.ru
Представлен авторский взгляд на место познания как феномена, порожденного системообразующими факторами, в историческом процессе, а также на взаимосвязь эволюции человека как субъекта исторического — социально-исторического — стадиального процесса (стадиального процесса формирования, утверждения и развития социальных структур — систем и подсистем — и институтов) и эволюции форм познания, обусловленных этим процессом и развитостью социальных отношений и действований / деятельности его субъекта.
Ключевые слова: познание; наука; исторический процесс; система; действование; деятельность; производящие структуры; социум; социальная эволюция; стадиальный процесс; человек; цивилизация.
Цитирование по ГОСТР 7.0.11—2011:
Сайко, Э. В. Пространство-время социальной эволюции: системные связи форм познания и субъекта исторического действия [Электронный ресурс] / Э.В. Сайко // Электронное научное издание Альманах Пространство и Время. — 2016. — Т. 12. — Вып. 2. — Стационарный сетевой адрес: 2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast12-2.2016.11.
Sayko E.V.
The Space-Time of Social Evolution: Systemic Ties between Forms of Cognition and the Subject of Historical Action
Edi V. Sayko, D.Phil. (History), Professor of Psychology, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Deputy Chairman of the Editorial Board of the Journal World of Psychology
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-3498
E-mail: edi-v-sayko@j-spacetime.com; saiko2003@mtu-net.ru
The problem of understanding of science in its socio-cultural comprehension cannot be solved without discussing conditions, characteristics of the meaning of its movement: past, future, its historical evaluation and assessment of it within historical process. In studies of this kind, scholar should take into account the fact that the subjective sense and the nature of science determine its dependence on goal-setting and maturity of forms of human activity, their development throughout history as stadial process. Here it is noteworthy that despite the huge number of works on the history of different areas of scientific knowledge, as well as on general characteristics of actual content of science, its historical development and self-development, we do not have sufficiently clear ideas about their underlying mechanisms, principles and procedural features. The subject matter of my article is evolution of cognition phenomenon generated by systemically important factors, relationship between evolution of man as a subject of socio-historical process (process of forming, establishment and development of social structures, systems and subsystems, and institutions) and evolution of forms of cognition resulting from both this process and development of social relations and the actions / activities of its subject.
Using system analysis, historical-genetic and activity approaches, I attempted a sort of macro-historic modeling of the evolution of forms of human cognitive activity since the Neolithic revolution just as macro-stadial process that began with the differentiation of the left and right hemispheres of the human brain in the ordinary course of business. It was economic activity, which already in early agricultural societies require minimal knowledge of physical and mathematical nature (calculations required to produce a crop, furnace technology and pottery). Beginning of globally significant shift towards system of societies of civilizational type and towards new system of knowledge and cognition (new rationality) presupposed maturity of system it generates (system of early agricultural communities). This meant, in particular, a certain level and development of demographic structures (population growth of early agricultural societies and their corresponding dispersal), accumulation of resources, adequate overall economic potential and accordingly developed production structures (development of arable-farm and animal-husbandry economy supplemented with undifferentiated household production), specifically developed socio-cultural structures, formed values, goals and objectives, and temporal stability of maintaining high level in the framework of system of norms.
In addition, the development of scientific (rational) cognition throughout history is closely related to the individualization of the personality and its socialization. Under the conditions of the New Time, this process is complicated by the rapid development of information sphere, information structures and technologies, and human involvement in the information and communicative processes (when information on decision-making in all spheres of life becomes available and everyone can act as ‘expert analyst’ in any one area to his circle of communication). In the scientific field, this type of information and corresponding social systems leads to the negation of both principles of cognition and science of 19—20 centuries and classical rationality. This indicates the beginning of process of overcoming norms and principles of functioning ‘system of civilizational-type societies’ in the framework of system transition to a historically new state, to historically new subject, which wouldn’t fenced in by monologic perception when understanding reality.
I conclude that in assessing the modern crisis state of science, it is important to bear in mind that the subject of historical action, his future, his every activity, including scientific, his way and type of thinking, etc. is determined and conditioned by objective features of current ‘sublation’ of system characteristics of civilization within which subject that makes the future formed.
Keywords: cognition; science; historical process; system; action; activities; manufacturing structures; society; social evolution; stadial process; human; civilization.
Cite MLA 7:
Sayko, E. V. "The Space-Time of Social Evolution: Systemic Ties between Forms of Cognition and the Subject of Historical Action." Electronic Scientific Edition Almanac Space and Time 12.2(2016).Web.<2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast12-2.2016.11>.(In Russian).
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