МОЛОДЁЖНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО ДЕЛАЕТ ПЕРВЫЕ ШАГИ В НАУКЕ
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2016. Том 12. Выпуск 1. Крымоведение: пространство и время Крыма / Crimean Regional Studies: Space and Time of Crimea / Krimforschung: Raum und Zeit des Krim
Пасечников И.А.
Охрана членов императорской фамилии органами политической полиции Таврической губернии
Пасечников Игорь Александрович, аспирант кафедры исторического регионоведения и краеведения Крымского федерального университета им. В.И. Вернадского (Симферополь)
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0411-6329
E-mail: igor-a-pasechnikov@j-spacetime.com; info_ingvar@list.ru
Рассматривается деятельность органов политической полиции Таврической губернии, направленная на обеспечение безопасности представителей императорской фамилии Романовых. Анализируются различные аспекты и условия службы чинов Корпуса жандармов. Предпринята попытка определения роли спецслужб Российской империи в организации и поддержании охраны высших лиц государства во время их пребывания в Крыму.
Ключевые слова: Крым, Таврическая губерния, политическая полиция, Корпус жандармов, охранное отделение, Романовы.
Цитирование по ГОСТ Р 7.0.11—2011:
Пасечников, И. А. Охрана членов императорской фамилии органами политической полиции Таврической губернии [Электронный ресурс] / И.А. Пасечников // Электронное научное издание Альманах Пространство и Время. — 2016. — Т. 12. — Вып. 1: Крымоведение: пространство и время Крыма. — Стационарный сетевой адрес: 2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast12-1.2016.14.
Pasechnikov I.A.
Imperiality Safeguarding by Political Police Bodies of the Taurida Governorate
Igor A. Pasechnikov, postgraduate student at the Chair of Historical Regional Studies and Local History, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University (Simferopol)
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-640X
E-mail: igor-a-pasechnikov@j-spacetime.com; info_ingvar@list.ru
History of activity of special services for safeguarding Heads of State and members of their families is relevant scientific task from both theoretical and practical points of view. In Russian history, problem of creating special service able to take up maintenance of the safeguarding Emperor and his family during their stay in different places appeared particularly acute in the 19th c. (marked by the rapid spread of the revolutionary and anti-government ideas among the population). In the same time, some little-known pages of history of political police of the Russian Empire survive to this day. So, necessity of using experience in state security from the past of Russia (particularly at the regional level) determines rationale for studying its regional specific features.
The subject of my article is security activities of Taurida Governorate political police in the case of Russian Imperiality. For these purposes, I used historical, systematic and retrospective methods for analysis of archival sources and memoirs.
In my article, I have shown evolution of gendarmerie’s structure and methods to ensure Russian Imperiality safety in Taurida Governorate in whole and within limits of Crimea since the second half of the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century.
Thus, the regular practice of involving officials of Crimean political police for royal family safeguarding appeared when Livadia became one of the main Romanovs’ residences. Initially, Crimean gendarmes’ duties largely coincided with the tasks of His Imperial Majesty's Special Convoy, and were of patrol and guard character predominantly. Later, however, the task became complicated by means of across-the-board outdoor surveillance that required the use of special secret service (field surveillance, or ‘tails’). Also, the political police carried out a total stakeout among all inhabitants of the Crimea, who was considered ‘insecure persons.’ I paid particular attention to the interaction between Corps of Gendarmes and other special services, as well as to personalities, characteristics and professional aptitude of Heads of Crimean gendarmes.
I conclude that ensuring safety of Romanov family during their stay in the Crimea was one of the most important responsibilities of local political police. On the eve of the February Revolution of 1917, the level of Emperor safeguarding in Crimea had been brought to a highest level. However, revolution both overthrew the Romanov dynasty and destroyed all the pillars supported Russian autocracy.
Keywords: Crimea, Taurida Governorate, political police, Corps of Gendarmes, guard department, Romanovs.
Cite MLA 7:
Pasechnikov, I. A. "Imperiality Safeguarding by Political Police Bodies of the Taurida Governorate." Electronic Scientific Edition Almanac Space and Time 12.1 (‘Crimean Regional Studies: Space and Time of Crimea’) (2016). Web. <2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast12-1.2016.14>. (In Russian).
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