МОЛОДЁЖНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО ДЕЛАЕТ ПЕРВЫЕ ШАГИ В НАУКЕ
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2016. Том 11. Выпуск 1. Система планета Земля / 'The Earth Planet System / System Planet Erde
ЧЕЛОВЕК НА ЗЕМЛЕ / HUMAN ON THE EARTH / MENSCH AUF ERDEN
Иогансон Л.И.
Возрождение Атанасиуса Кирхера
Иогансон Лидия Ивановна, кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт физики Земли РАН, Москва
ORCID 0000-0002-2912-976X
E-mail: lidia-i-ioganson@j-spacetime.com; iogan@ifz.ru
Статья посвящена научной биографии ученого-монаха XVII в. Атанасиуса Кирхера (1602—1680), оживление интереса к которому наблюдается современном в западном культурно-научном пространстве. А.Кирхер — эрудит, приобретший европейскую известность, в сферу интересов которого входили все известные в то время науки, — вошел в историю науки как основатель европейской египтологии, автор около 40 научных трудов по различным дисциплинам, основоположник инфекционной теории заболеваний. Полузабытый почти на 300 лет, сегодня он рассматривается как представитель холистического взгляда на природу и предтеча постмодернистского сознания.
Ключевые слова: Атанасиус Кирхер, Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц, Николас Стенон, Жан-Франсуа Шампольон, магнетизм, египтология, герметическое учение, вулканизм, инфекционная теория, холистический подход.
Цитирование по ГОСТ Р 7.0.11—2011:
Иогансон, Л. И. Возрождение Атанасиуса Кирхера [Электронный ресурс] / Л.И. Иогансон // Электронное научное издание Альманах Пространство и Время. — 2016. — Т. 11. — Вып. 1: Система планета Земля. — Стационарный сетевой адрес: 2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast11-1.2016.62.
Ioganson L.I.
The Revival of Athanasius Kircher
Lidia I. Ioganson, Sc.D. (Geology and Mineralogy), Leading Researcher at RAS Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow
ORCID 0000-0002-2912-976X
E-mail: lidia-i-ioganson@j-spacetime.ru; iogan@ifz.ru
In my article, I deal with some actual phenomenon in Western recent cultural-scientific field such as raising the keen interest to Athanasius Kircher who for long years remains the half-forgotten figure of the seventeenth century. Since the second half of the 20th century, this learned monk became almost cult person to whom the numerous publications are dedicated as well as symposium and Museum exposition. Analyzing the great deal of the literature sources I tried to show the reason of such interest as well as content and significance of the Kircher’ works.
Athanasius Kircher (1602—1680), the Jesuit polymath was widely regarded in his time as author of the treatises on mathematics, optics, magnetism, music, geography, geology and other subjects. A refugee from Germany during 30-years war he lived most of his life in Rome where was invited to decipher the Egyptian hieroglyph. Although he did not decipher the hieroglyphs, he is rightfully considered as founder of European Egyptology. His merit is that he correctly understood the significance of the Coptic language paving the way for J.F. Champollion. He was the author of many sophisticate inventions, including the prototype of the modern computer. Due to his microscope studies, Kircher is regarded as first who suggested the infectious nature of the plague. He contributed in the organization of the collecting the reports and artifacts from far lands where worked the Jesuit missioners. The results of the A. Kircher activity are about forty lavishly illustrated works on different scientific subject, the fountain of the Four River with Egyptian obelisk at piazza Navona in Rome (Kircher consulted J.L. Bernini), the memory (and survived catalogues with scattered exhibits) on the impressive curiosity Museum, the Kircherianum, as well as restored due to his energy the Church of Saint Eustace in Mentorella, near Rome. Later A. Kircher was disregarded because the epoch of the scientific revolution came with other challenges and method of investigation.
The recent interest to Kircher may be explained by growing necessity in the holistic approach to the study of the nature. Besides, his worldview seems to be corresponded with the postmodernist consciousness.
Keywords: Athanasius Kircher, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, Nicolas Steno, Jean-François Champollion, magnetism, Egyptology, Hermetic doctrine, volcanism, infectious theory, holistic approach.
Cite MLA 7:
Ioganson, L. I. "The Revival of Athanasius Kircher." Electronic Scientific Edition Almanac Space and Time 11.1(‘The Earth Planet System’) (2016). Web. <2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast11-1.2016.62>. (In Russian).
Список литературы / References
Литература
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Harrington R. "Athanasius Kircher’s ‘Mundus Subterraneus’ (1664)." The Volcanism Blog. N.p., 13 June 2009. Web. <https://volcanism.wordpress.com/2009/06/13/athanasius-kirchers-mundus-subterraneus-1664/>.
Hsia F. "Athanasius Kircher’s China Illustrata (1667)." Athanasius Kircher: The Last Man Who Knew Everything. Ed. P. Findlen. New York: Routledge, 2004, pp. 383—404.
Kircher А. Arca Noe. Amsterdam: Janssonius-Waesberge, 1675. 240 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=6p-aCM2sttUC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae. Romae: Ex Typographia Ludouici Grignani, 1646. 931 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=hUvNnJteew4C&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Ars Magna Sciendi Sive Combinatoria... Amsterdam: Jansson-Waesberge, 1669. 482 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=dxQ3wUdAaEEC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Ars magnesia, hoc est, Disquisitio bipartita empeirica seu experimentalis Physico-Mathematica. De natura, viribus et prodigiosis effectibus magnetis, quam... Würzburg: Typis Eliae Michaelis Zinck, 1631. 63 p. WDB Digital Library. N.d., n.p. Web. <http://diglib.hab.de/wdb.php?dir=drucke/xb-3528&pointer=1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. China monumentis qua sacris qua profanis, nec non variis, naturae et artis spectaculis… Amsterdam: Janssonius-Waesberge, 1667. 237 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IYxqXL_m4Q4C&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Historia Eustachio-Mariana, qua admiranda D. Eustachij, sociorumque vita ex varijs authoribus collecta... Romae: Ex Typographia Varesii, 1665. 184 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=7CVKAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Lingua Aegyptiaca restituta opus tripartitum. Quo linguae Coptae… Romae: Ex Typographia Ludouici Grignani, 1644, 622 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=qEtB1x0frAIC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus, in XII libros digestus; quo divinum subterrestris mundi opificium, mira ergasteriorum naturæ in eo distributio, verbo pantámorphou Protei regnum, universæ denique naturæ majestas. Amsterdam: Joannem Janssonium et Elizeum Weyerstraten, 1665, volume 1. 346 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=1sGHAB46nJQC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus, in XII libros digestus; quo divinum subterrestris mundi opificium, mira ergasteriorum naturæ in eo distributio, verbo pantámorphou Protei regnum, universæ denique naturæ majestas. Amsterdam: Joannem Janssonium et Elizeum Weyerstraten, 1678, volume 2. x—xi; 537 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=eIlDAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus. Facsimile of 1678 Edition. Sala Bolognese, BO: Arnaldo Forni Editore, 2004. 954 p. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus. Facsimile of 1678 Edition. Sala Bolognese, BO: Arnaldo Forni Editore, 2011. 954 p. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Musurgia universalis, sive ars magna consoni et dissoni. Romae: Ex typographia Haeredum Francisci. Corbelletti, 1650. 556 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b0FPAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Oedipus Aegyptiacus. Romae: Ex Typographia Vatalis Mascardi, 1652, volume 1. 581 p. Google Book. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://books.google.co.uk/books/ucm?id=jHCt_wrnMqcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Oedipus Aegyptiacus. Romae: Ex Typographia Vatalis Mascardi, 1653, volume 2. 572 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bdNIAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
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Kircher A. Prodromus Coptus sive Aegyptiacus. Romae: Typio S. Cong, 1636. 338 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=KnATAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Scrutinium Physico-Medicum Contagiosae Luis, quae Pestis dicitur... Romae: Typis Mascardi, 1658. 252 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0eRaAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Turris Babel sive Archontologia — qua primo priscorum post diluvium hominum vita... Amsterdam: Jansson-Waesberge, 1679. 290 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=3svLEYTBH-sC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Leibniz G.W. Dissertatio de arte combinatoria, in qua ex arithmeticae fundamentis complicationum ac transpositionum doctrina nouis praeceptis exstruitur ... noua etiam Artis meditandis, seu Logicae inuentionis semina sparguntur. Praefixa est synopsis totius tractatus, & additamenti loco demonstratio existentiae Dei, ad mathematicam certitudinem exacta autore Gottfredo Guilielmo Leibnüzio. Lipsiae (Leipzig): Literis Sporelianis, 1666. 104 p. Internet Archive. Brewster K., n.d. Web. <https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-mag-00000844-001>. (In Latin).
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Yamada T. "Kirher and Steno on the “Geocosm,” with a Reassessment of the Role of Gassendi's Works." Geological Society of America Special Papers 411 (2006): 65—80.
References
Athanasius Kircher at Stanford. Kircher and Kircheriana. The Athanasius Kircher Correspondence Project. Stanford University Libraries, n.d. Web. <http://web.stanford.edu/group/kircher/cgi-bin/site/>.
Baldwin M. "Reverie in Time of Plague: Athanasius Kircher and the Plague Epidemic of 1656." Athanasius Kircher: The Last Man Who Knew Everything. Ed. P. Findlen. New York: Routledge, 2004, pp.63—78.
Boxer S. "A Postmodernist of the 1600's Is Back in Fashion." The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 25 May 2002. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/25/arts/25KIRC.html?pagewanted=1>.
Chernyshov D. "Athanasius Kircher vs. Leonardo Da Vinci. (Part I)." LiveJournal. LiveJournal, Inc., 15 Feb. 2010. Web. <http://mi3ch.livejournal.com/1677295.html>. (In Russian).
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Descartes R. "Rules for the Direction of the Mind." Writings. Moscow: Mysl Publisher, 1989, volume 1, pp. 77—153. (In Russian).
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Findlen P., ed. Athanasius Kircher: The Last Man Who Knew Everything. NewYork: Routledge, 2004. 465 p.
Fletcher J. A Study of the Life and Works of Athanasius Kircher, “Germanus Incredibilis”. With a Selection of His Unpublished Correspondence and an Annotated Translation of His Autobiography. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2011. 607 p.
Glassie J. A Man of Misconceptions: The Life of an Eccentric in an Age of Change. New York: Riverhead Books. 2012. 273 p.
Godwin J. Athanasius Kircher. A Renaissance Man and the Quest for Lost Knowledge. London: Thames and Hudson, 1979. 96 p.
Godwin J. Athanasius Kircher’s Theatre of the World. London: Thames and Hudson, 2009. 320 p.
Gorman M.J. "The Angel and the Compass: Athanasius Kircher’s Magnetic Geography." Athanasius Kircher: The Last Man Who Knew Everything. Ed. P. Findlen. New York: Routledge, 2004, pp. 239—262.
Gregori G.P. "The Earth’s Interior — Myth and Science. New Concepts in Global Tectonics." Newsletter 53 (2009): 57—75.
Harrington R. "Athanasius Kircher’s ‘Mundus Subterraneus’ (1664)." The Volcanism Blog. N.p., 13 June 2009. Web. <https://volcanism.wordpress.com/2009/06/13/athanasius-kirchers-mundus-subterraneus-1664/>.
Hsia F. "Athanasius Kircher’s China Illustrata (1667)." Athanasius Kircher: The Last Man Who Knew Everything. Ed. P. Findlen. New York: Routledge, 2004, pp. 383—404.
Ignatiev I.A. "In the Footsteps of ‘Giants of the Renaissance’: Knowledge about Fossil Plants in the 15th—16th Centuries." Lethaea rossica. The Russian Journal of Palaeobotany 6 (2012): 46—58. (In Russian).
Kircher A. Ars Magna Sciendi Sive Combinatoria... Amsterdam: Jansson-Waesberge, 1669. 482 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=dxQ3wUdAaEEC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Ars magnesia, hoc est, Disquisitio bipartita empeirica seu experimentalis Physico-Mathematica. De natura, viribus et prodigiosis effectibus magnetis, quam... Würzburg: Typis Eliae Michaelis Zinck, 1631. 63 p. WDB Digital Library. N.d., n.p. Web. <http://diglib.hab.de/wdb.php?dir=drucke/xb-3528&pointer=1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus, in XII libros digestus; quo divinum subterrestris mundi opificium, mira ergasteriorum naturæ in eo distributio, verbo pantámorphou Protei regnum, universæ denique naturæ majestas. Amsterdam: Joannem Janssonium et Elizeum Weyerstraten, 1665, volume 1. 346 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=1sGHAB46nJQC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus, in XII libros digestus; quo divinum subterrestris mundi opificium, mira ergasteriorum naturæ in eo distributio, verbo pantámorphou Protei regnum, universæ denique naturæ majestas. Amsterdam: Joannem Janssonium et Elizeum Weyerstraten, 1678, volume 2. x—xi; 537 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=eIlDAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus. Facsimile of 1678 Edition. Sala Bolognese, BO: Arnaldo Forni Editore, 2004. 954 p. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus. Facsimile of 1678 Edition. Sala Bolognese, BO: Arnaldo Forni Editore, 2011. 954 p. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Prodromus Coptus sive Aegyptiacus. Romae: Typio S. Cong, 1636. 338 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=KnATAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher A. Scrutinium Physico-Medicum Contagiosae Luis, quae Pestis dicitur... Romae: Typis Mascardi, 1658. 252 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0eRaAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Arca Noe. Amsterdam: Janssonius-Waesberge, 1675. 240 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=6p-aCM2sttUC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae. Romae: Ex Typographia Ludouici Grignani, 1646. 931 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=hUvNnJteew4C&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. China monumentis qua sacris qua profanis, nec non variis, naturae et artis spectaculis… Amsterdam: Janssonius-Waesberge, 1667. 237 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IYxqXL_m4Q4C&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Historia Eustachio-Mariana, qua admiranda D. Eustachij, sociorumque vita ex varijs authoribus collecta... Romae: Ex Typographia Varesii, 1665. 184 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=7CVKAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Lingua Aegyptiaca restituta opus tripartitum. Quo linguae Coptae… Romae: Ex Typographia Ludouici Grignani, 1644, 622 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=qEtB1x0frAIC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Musurgia universalis, sive ars magna consoni et dissoni. Romae: Ex typographia Haeredum Francisci. Corbelletti, 1650. 556 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b0FPAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Oedipus Aegyptiacus. Romae: Ex Typographia Vatalis Mascardi, 1652, volume 1. 581 p. Google Book. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://books.google.co.uk/books/ucm?id=jHCt_wrnMqcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Oedipus Aegyptiacus. Romae: Ex Typographia Vatalis Mascardi, 1653, volume 2. 572 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=bdNIAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
Kircher А. Oedipus Aegyptiacus. Romae: Ex Typographia Vatalis Mascardi, 1654, volume 3. 660 p. Google Play. Google, Inc., n.d. Web. <https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ldNIAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=ru&pg=GBS.PP1>. (In Latin).
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