МОЛОДЁЖНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО ДЕЛАЕТ ПЕРВЫЕ ШАГИ В НАУКЕ
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2016. Том 11. Выпуск 1. Система планета Земля / 'The Earth Planet System / System Planet Erde
ПОЧВЫ И ГРУНТЫ / SOILS AND GROUNDS / BÖDEN
Геворкян С.Г.
Мерзлотоведение Китая в начале XXI века (обзор)
Геворкян Сергей Георгиевич, кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник, ОАО «Фундаментпроект» (Москва)
ORCID 0000-0002-7701-6209
E-mail: sergey-g-gevorkyan@j-spacetime.com; Sergev99@yandex.ru
В настоящей статье представлен краткий обзор работ, представленных китайскими специалистами на Х Международной конференции по мерзлотоведению (Салехард, 25—29 июня 2012 г.) и XII Международном конгрессе Международной ассоциации по инженерной геологии и проблемам охраны геологической среды (Турин, 15—19 сентября 2014 г.). В обзор вошли исследования по пяти направлениям: исследования распространения многолетней мерзлоты в Китае; криогенные природные процессы в криолитозоне Китая; механика мёрзлых грунтов; строительство железных и шоссейных дорог в криолитозоне; применение новых приборов и методов в изучении многолетнемёрзлых пород.
Ключевые слова: мёрзлые грунты, одноосное сжатие, силы смерзания, коэффициенты перехода, строительство в криолитозоне.
Цитирование по ГОСТ Р 7.0.11—2011:
Геворкян, С. Г. Мерзлотоведение Китая в начале XXI века (обзор) [Электронный ресурс] / С.Г. Геворкян // Электронное научное издание Альманах Пространство и Время. — 2015. — Т. 11. — Вып. 1: Система планета Земля — Стационарный сетевой адрес: 2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast11-1.2016.43.
Gevorkyan S.G.
Chinese Geocryology in Early 21st Century (Review)
Sergey G. Gevorkyan, Sc.D. (Physics and Mathematics), Senior Researcher at FOUNDAMENTPROJEKT OJSC (Moscow)
ORCID 0000-0002-7701-6209
E-mail: sergey-g-gevorkyan@j-spacetime.com; Sergev99@yandex.ru
In China, systematic study of permafrost soils began rather late, since 1950s; the first Chinese geocryologists studied in the USSR. So, it is fair to say that Chinese school of the geocryology grew out of the Soviet (Russian) school of the geocryology. Currently Chinese geocryology is developing very actively. Within that short space of time, Chinese geocryologists gain traction. That’s why modern state of the geocryology in China is of great interest.
In my article, I represent an overview of Chinese professionals’ reports at the 10th International Conference on Permafrost (TICOP-2012, Salekhard, 25—29 June 2012), and at the 12th International Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Protection of the Geological Environment (Torino, 15—19 Sept. 2014).
Chinese geocryologists’ reports at TICOP-2012, and at the 12th International Congress of the IAEG may be divided into five groups: (i) on permafrost distribution in China; (ii) on cryogenic natural processes in the permafrost zone of China; (iii) on mechanics of frozen soils; (iv) on various issues concerning the construction of railroads and highways in permafrost; (v) on new devices and methods in permafrost studying.
My overview shows currently Chinese geocryology have reached a very high level. Among scientific and practical problems Chinese geocryologists have to solve, there are first of all road construction in high-mountain permafrost, such as now famous Karakoram highway and Qinghai-Tibet railway. I analyzed in detail conference reports on thermal behavior of Tibetan plateau permafrost zones and on engineering measures for permafrost protection.
I conclude modern Chinese geocryology is of importance not only in academic and applied engineering (in railway construction) spheres, but also in geopolitics and state-building. Thus, Karakoram highway provides China access to the Indian Ocean. In internal political situation, railway and highway construction on the Tibetan plateau also has far-reaching consequences. It not only abridges distance between Tibet and other China’s cities. I prove the direct and inevitable result of transport infrastructure development will be a radical restructuring the economy of Tibet in the very near future. This effect, in turn, would entail a radical and irreversible change for established by centuries the traditional lifestyle of indigenous Tibetans. Political impact of this will be consolidation of the unity, stability and strength of the Chinese commonwealth.
Keywords: permafrost, frozen grounds, cryogenic natural processes, geocryology of China, Karakoram highway, the Qinghai-Tibet railway, highways, railways.
Cite MLA 7:
Gevorkyan, S. G. "Chinese Geocryology in Early 21st Century (Review)." Electronic Scientific Edition Almanac Space and Time 11.1(‘The Earth Planet System’) (2016). Web. <2227-9490e-aprovr_e-ast11-1.2016.43>. (In Russian).
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Wang Jiliang, Zhang ChenXi, Dai Changlei. "Causes and Treatment Measures of the Construction Quality Problems in the Permafrost Region of Mohe." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 4: Extended Abstracts. Ekaterinburg: Fort Dialog-Iset Publisher, 2012, p.638.
Wang Junfeng, Wu Qingbai. "Effects of Experimental Warming On Alpine Meadow Soil Respiration during the Growing Season on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 4: Extended Abstracts. Ekaterinburg: Fort Dialog-Iset Publisher, 2012, pp. 245—246.
Wang Quan, Chen Huie, Ma Wei, Li Shixi, Fang Jingtao, Zhang Hongjing, Hu Zhenzhen. "Pore Structure Change of Seasonal Frozen Soil Caused by Moisture Migration." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 4: Extended Abstracts. Ekaterinburg: Fort Dialog-Iset Publisher, 2012, pp. 462—463.
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Woo Ming-ko. "Application of the Fill-and-Spill Concept in Permafrost Hydrology." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 1: International Contributions. Salekhard, Russia: Severnoe izdatelstvo Publisher, 2012, pp. 449—454.
Wu Qingbai, Cheng Guodong, Ma Wei, Liu Yongzhi. "Railway Construction Techniques Adapting to Climate Warming in Permafrost Regions." Advances in Climate Change Research 4 (Suppl.) (2008): 60—66.
Xiong Xiaozhen, Zhang Tingjun, Maddy E., Zhuang Qianlai, Barnet Chr. "Atmospheric Methane in the High Northern Hemisphere and its Relationship with Permafrost." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 1: International Contributions. Salekhard, Russia: Severnoe izdatelstvo Publisher, 2012, pp. 455—460.
Yang Chengsong, Ping He, Cheng Guodong. "The Effect of Freeze-Thaw Action on the Dry Density and Water Content of Soil." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 1: International Contributions. Salekhard, Russia: Severnoe izdatelstvo Publisher, 2012, pp. 467—471.
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Yang Sizhong, Jin Huijun. "Isotopic Composition of the Inactive Ice Wedges at Yitulihe in the Da Xing’anling Mountains, Northeastern China." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 4: Extended Abstracts. Ekaterinburg: Fort Dialog-Iset Publisher, 2012, pp. 551—552.
Yao Jimin, Gu Lianglei, Zhao Lin, Qiao Yongping, Jiao Keqin. "The Comparison of the Surface Energy Budget between the Permafrost Region and the Seasonally Frozen Ground Region over the Tibetan Plateau." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 4: Extended Abstracts. Ekaterinburg: Fort Dialog-Iset Publisher, 2012, p. 240.
Yue Z.R., Tai B.W., Sun T.C. "Analysis of Temperature Field Characteristics Based on Subgrade Site Measurements of Harbin-Qiqihar High-Speed Railway in a Deep Seasonal Frozen Soil Region." Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 7.5 (2015): 0547—0553.
Zhang Qinglong，Li Ning, Mu Yanhu. "Analyses on Thaw Settlement of Conventional Embankments in Warm Permafrost Regions." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 4: Extended Abstracts. Ekaterinburg: Fort Dialog-Iset Publisher, 2012, pp. 460—461.
Zhang Tingjun, Wang Qing-Feng, Wu Jichun, Zhong Xinyue, Mu Cuicui, Peng Xiaoqing, Wang Kang, Cao Bin, Wan Xudong, Liu Jia, Wu Qingbai, Cheng Guodong. "Preliminary Investigation on Permafrost Distribution in the Upper Reaches of Heihe River Basin in Western China." Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost. Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. June 25—29, 2012. Volume 4: Extended Abstracts. Ekaterinburg: Fort Dialog-Iset Publisher, 2012, pp. 585—586.
Zhao L., Jin H., Li C., Cui Z., Chang X., Marchenko S.S., Vandenberghe J., Zhang T., Luo D., Guo D., Liu G., Yi C. "The Extent of Permafrost in China during the Local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM)." Boreas 43 (2014): 688—698.
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