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2015. Том 10. Выпуск 1. ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ВРЕМЯ ТЕКСТА / SPACE AND TIME OF THE TEXT’ / ‘RAUM UND ZEIT DES TEXTES‘

МИРЫ ЯЗЫКА — МИРЫ ТЕКСТА / WORLDS OF LANGUAGE — WORLDS OF TEXT / DIE WELTEN DER SPRACHE — DIE WELTEN DES TEXTES

ЧИТАТЬ СВЯЩЕННЫЕ ТЕКТЫ / TO  READ  SACRED  TEXTS / HEILIGE  TEXTE  LESEN

Вевюрко И.С.

Из истории чтения Библии: догерменевтическое восприятие священного текста

Вевюрко Илья Сергеевич, кандидат философских наук, старший преподаватель, Философский факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова

E-mail: vevurka@mail.ru

Традиционные способы чтения Библии продолжают во многом формировать современную религиозную мысль, чем обуславливается актуальность их изучения. Данная статья посвящена описанию установки религиозного сознания, стоящей за догерменевтическим отношением к священному тексту. В статье применяются методы истории религии, герменевтики, феноменологии религии.

Ключевые слова: Библия, чтение, текст, интерпретация, понимание, традиция, молитва, литургия, герменевтика, экзегетика.

Литература

Библия. (Синодальный перевод). М.: РБО, 2000.

Дильтей В. Собрание сочинений. Т. IV: Герменевтика и теория литературы. М.: Дом интеллектуальной книги, 2001.

Иванова Т.А. У истоков славянской письменности // Культурное наследие Древней Руси. М.: Наука, 1976. С. 24—27.

Корсунский И.Н. Иудейское толкование Ветхого Завета. М., 1882.

Лотман Ю.М. О семиосфере // Чему учатся люди. Статьи и заметки. М.: Центр книги Рудомино, 2010.

Мушрифаддин Саади. Гулистан (Розовый сад). М.: Художественная литература, 1957.

Нестерова О.Е. Allegoria pro typologia. Ориген и судьба иносказательных методов интерпретации Священного Писания в раннепатристическую эпоху. М.: ИМЛИ РАН, 2006.

Ранние отцы Церкви. Брюссель: Жизнь с Богом, 1988. С. 530—538.

Сегаль М.Ц. Библейское красноречие // Введение в Библеистику. Часть 3. Библейская поэзия. Тель-Авив: Открытый университет Израиля, 2002. С. 112—136.

Скабалланович М.Н. Толковый типикон. М.: Изд-во Сретенского монастыря, 2004.

Флоря Б.Н., Турилов А.А., Иванов С.С. Судьбы Кирилло-Мефодиевской традиции после Кирилла и Мефодия. СПб.: Алетейя. 2004.

Шефлер Р. Краткая грамматика молитвы. М.: ББИ, 2013.

Шлейермахер Ф.Д.Э. Герменевтика. СПб.: Европейский дом, 2004.

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997.

Eco U. Dire quasi la stessa cosa: Esperienze di traduzione. Milano: Bompiani Publisher, 2003.

Joannus Chrysostomus, st. “De Lazaro conciones.” Patrologia Graeca. Paris: J.P. Migne Publisher, 1862, t. 48, col. 963—1054. (In Greek).

Reventlow H. Epochen der Bibelauslegung. Bd. 1.: Vom Alten Testament bis Origenes. München: Beck Publisher, 1990.

Rodkinson M.L., trans., ed. New Edition of the Babylonian Talmud. Boston: The Talmud Society Publisher, 1918, volume 8.

Rahlfs A., ed. Septuaginta, id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1979.

Vevyurko I.S.

From the History of Bible Reading: Pre-hermeneutical Perception of the Sacred Text

Igor S. Vevyurko, Ph.D., Senior Lecturer at Philosophical Department of Lomonosov Noscow State University

vevurka@mail.ru

Traditional ways of reading the Bible continue to form modern religious thought that causes the relevance of their study.

The subjects of my study are peculiarities of the traditional style and mode of the reading of Scripture. Using the methods of the history of religious consciousness, I show the specific character of pre-hermeneutical perception of the sacred text in its connection with the pre-grammatical conception of language. I consider recitation of the sacred text as pre-hermeneutical perception of Scripture, because it is such a perception of it, which includes both certain understanding and a certain lack of it, but in which there is no imperative to understand it ‘here and now.’ Accentuating the difference between translation and interpretation, I show the main feature of the pre-hermeneutic reading of Scripture is not the understanding, but reading or the ability to ‘give heed’ is its main task. It is possible to gain insight into this only based on the relationship to the very act of reading as to the sacred one. In this context, I also consider in detail the question of church service as a form of pre-hermeneutic (non-hermeneutic) use of the biblical text.

I conclude specifics of underlying reading attitude as a religious practice is determined by (i) 'pre-grammatical’ understanding of the language, (ii) sacralization of act of reading this text as such, (iii) special function of tradition that focuses reader’s and interpreter’s attention on the unity of meaning ‘beyond’ the text. The unity of meaning not so much serves as an object for understanding as is actualized and incorporated into believer’s own experience, in his prayer, which serves a way of reproduction of personal and historical memory. The proposed model of the pre-hermeneutic perception allows explaining both general logic and methodology and more specific matter of traditional exegesis.

Keywords: Bible, reading, text, interpretation, understanding, tradition, prayer, liturgy, hermeneutics, exegesis.

References:

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997.

Biblia in Synodal Translation. Moscow: Russian Biblical Society Publisher, 2000.

Dilthey W. "Hermeneutics and the Literary Theory." Collected Writings. Moscow: Dom intellektualnoy knigi Publisher, 2001, volume 4. (In Russian).

Early Church Fathers. Brussels: Zhizn' s Bogom Publisher, 1988, pp. 530—538. (In Russian).

Eco U. Dire quasi la stessa cosa: Esperienze di traduzione. Milano: Bompiani Publisher, 2003.

Florya B.N., Turilov A.A., Ivanov S.S. The Fates of Cyrillo-Methodian Tradition after Cyril and Methodius. St. Petersburg: Aleteyya Publisher, 2004. (In Russian).

Ivanova T.A. “zAt the Origins of the Slavic Written Language." The Cultural Inheritance of Ancient Rus’. Moscow: Nauka Publisher, 1976, pp. 24—27. (In Russian).

Joannus Chrysostomus, st. “De Lazaro conciones.” Patrologia Graeca. Paris: J.P. Migne Publisher, 1862, t. 48, col. 963—1054. (In Greek).

Korsunskiy I.N. Jewish Interpretation of the Old Testament. Moscow, 1882. (In Russian).

Lotman Yu.M. "On the Semiosphere." On What People Learn: Articles and Notes. Moscow: Rudomino Publisher, 2010. (In Russian).

Mushrifaddin Saadi. The Gulistan (The Rose Garden). Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya literatura Publisher, 1957. (In Russian).

Nesterova O.E. Allegoria pro typologia. Origen and the Fate of the Allegorical Method of Interpretation of Scripture in the Early Patristic Era. Moscow: Institute of World Literature of Russian Academy of Science Publisher, 2006. (In Russian).

Rahlfs A., ed. Septuaginta, id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1979.

Reventlow H. Epochen der Bibelauslegung. Bd. 1.: Vom Alten Testament bis Origenes. München: Beck Publisher, 1990.

Rodkinson M.L., trans., ed. New Edition of the Babylonian Talmud. Boston: The Talmud Society Publisher, 1918, volume 8.

Schaeffler R. The Short Grammar of Prayer. Moscow: St. Apostle Andrew Biblical Theological Institute Publisher, 2013. (In Russian).

Schleiermacher F.D.E. Hermeneutics. St. Petersburg: Evropeyskiy dom Publisher, 2004. (In Russian).

Segal M.Ts. "The Biblical Oratory." Introduction to Biblical Studies. Biblical Poetry. Tel Aviv: Israel Open University Publisher, 2002, volume 3, pp. 112–136. (In Russian).

Skaballanovich M.N. Explained Typicon. Moscow: Sretensky monastery Publisher, 2004. (In Russian).